Two Warning Signs Displayed on Skin, Differentiating Between Heat Exhaustion and Heatstroke

In contrast to those suffering from heat exhaustion, patients with heatstroke suffer from a compromised sweating mechanism. This is because on hot, humid days, a person’s sweat may become difficult to evaporate. When evaporation of sweat is slowed, heat accumulates within the body and body temperature rises, often exceeding 40°C. The skin may grow red and hot, and the patient may become confused or distressed.

If patients with heatstroke do not bring down their body temperature and receive emergency treatment, they may be at risk of death. The risk of death from heatstroke is higher than that of heat exhaustion, though heat exhaustion should not be taken lightly. If you feel dizzy, unstable, extremely thirsty, or experience muscle cramps while exercising outdoors, it may be a sign of heat exhaustion. Seek a shaded place to rest and replenish your fluids and electrolytes to prevent the condition from worsening.

Heat exhaustion and heatstroke share some similar symptoms. However, if a person’s skin becomes hot and he/she displays an altered mental state or behavior, the person may already be suffering from heatstroke. It is important to immediately cool the person down by bringing him/her to a shaded place away from the sun. Wiping the person’s body with wet towels and removing clothing are also helpful ways to bring down body temperature.

When patients suffering from heat exhaustion or heatstroke are sent to the hospital for emergency treatment, the medical team will generally take their body temperature and assess their mental state. If they are diagnosed with heat exhaustion, patients will be given IV therapy to replenish their fluids, and are usually discharged from the hospital relatively quickly.

Heatstroke is a more serious condition as it can lead to multiple organ failure. When the body temperature reaches 41°C or 42°C, vital organs such as the brain may become damaged, the mental state may be impaired, the risk of heart attack increases, and liver, kidney, and blood clotting functions may also be affected.

Initial treatment for heatstroke involves bringing the body temperature down to 38°C as quickly as possible, with patients generally sent to the intensive care unit for further treatment. Ice packs may be placed on the patient’s forehead, armpits, or groin, and a rectal thermometer may be used to regularly monitor the patient’s body temperature to avoid sudden, dramatic changes in temperature.

To prevent heat exhaustion and heatstroke, stop exercising if you feel unwell. Drinking enough water prior to exercising will also help prevent excessive perspiration, which can lead to heat exhaustion. Furthermore, avoid drinking beer while exercising as alcoholic drinks dilate the blood vessels and may increase blood flow, accelerating the onset of heat exhaustion.

There are many ways to treat heat exhaustion and heatstroke, each with different results and side effects. Patients with questions should consult their doctor.