Hemorrhoids

– The information has been reviewed by Dr. Kwan Tim Lok, Henry

What are Hemorrhoids?

Hemorrhoids are swollen and twisted veins in the lower rectum and anus. They may be internal or external. Hemorrhoids may be caused by factors such as straining during bowel movements, prolonged sitting, chronic diarrhea or constipation, being overweight or obese, pregnancy, or adopting a diet that lacks fiber.

Symptoms

Symptoms usually occur when the hemorrhoids become enlarged or inflamed, and can include:

Bleeding during bowel movements (bright red blood without pain)
Itching or irritation in the anal area
Pain or discomfort
Swelling around the anus
Appearance of sensitive or painful lumps
Black or tarry stools
Bloody stools

Treatment

In some cases, an adjustment of lifestyle habits may be sufficient to help alleviate symptoms, while for others, medical intervention may be required. Doctors may recommend the following treatment options depending on the patient's condition:

Medication

This includes local medications such as suppositories or creams, as well as increasing intake of dietary fiber and fluids, and taking part in bowel retraining. These treatment methods may help alleviate symptoms of mild hemorrhoids.

Surgery

This includes procedures such as ligation, excision surgery, and stapled hemorrhoidopexy. Excision surgery and stapled hemorrhoidopexy are typically recommended for patients with more severe conditions, or for those who do not see improvement with conservative treatment.

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