Dengue fever is not transmitted from person to person.It is primarily spread by several species of Aedes mosquitoes, and they are commonly known as the white-striped Aedes or the Egyptian Aedes, which are the main vectors of dengue fever.

Aedes mosquitoes are typically active in the early morning and evening, which is why it is often said that being bitten during the day warrants extra caution, as these mosquitoes are likely to carry the virus.

The incubation period for dengue fever ranges from 3 to 14 days, typically around 4 to 7 days. Approximately 80% of patients infected with the dengue virus may remain asymptomatic or exhibit only mild symptoms, such as a mild fever. However, about 5% of patients may experience severe clinical symptoms or life-threatening conditions. Therefore, if you are feeling unwell, it is advisable to seek medical attention promptly.

The characteristic clinical manifestations of dengue fever include sudden high fever, headache, retro-orbital pain, muscle and joint pain, and rash. The symptoms generally include:

• High fever 
• Severe headache
• Pain behind the eyes
• Muscle and joint pain 
• Nausea and vomiting 
• Swollen lymph nodes
• Rash

Children infected with the virus often present symptoms similar to mild cases of the common cold or gastroenteritis. While the initial symptoms may be mild, the condition can worsen, leading to persistent high fever and severe complications.

Currently, there are no specific medications or vaccines for treating dengue fever. Therefore, people suspected of being infected should seek medical attention immediately to receive appropriate treatment.

Many of you may often see preventing mosquito bites campaigns on television—advising to 'wear loose-fitting, light-colored long-sleeve shirts and long pants.' These are effective prevention methods, especially when going outdoors or traveling. Additionally, here are some everyday preventive measures everyone can take:

• Apply insect repellents containing DEET to exposed skin and clothing. Pregnant women and children aged 6 months or older can use DEET-containing repellent. Typically, the maximum concentration for pregnant women is 30% and for children is 10%.
• Avoid using scented cosmetics or skincare products.
• Reapply insect repellent as directed.
• Check for containers that may collect water around the home, and address any findings immediately.
• Regularly clean water collected in the bottoms of flower pots.
• Ensure storage containers for water are tightly sealed.
• Make sure there is no water in the air conditioner water tray.
• Dispose of used cans and bottles in covered trash bins.
• Properly store food and handle garbage appropriately.

Sources:  Centre for Health Protection, DH